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VOL. 8, ISSUE 2 (2026)
Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Health: Mechanisms and Clinical Benefits
Authors
Paramita Dhara, Syeda Raiyya, Ankita Pathak, Ankita Sengupta, Pallabi Chatterjee, Enakshi Raychowdhury, Anmayee Nanda
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids are essential polyunsaturated fatty acids widely
recognized for their cardioprotective properties. The principal omega-3 fatty
acids—alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and
docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)—play crucial roles in maintaining cardiovascular
health through multiple physiological mechanisms. These fatty acids help
regulate lipid metabolism, reduce inflammation, improve endothelial function,
decrease blood pressure, and prevent arrhythmias. Epidemiological studies have
demonstrated that populations with higher omega-3 intake, particularly from
marine sources, show reduced incidence of coronary heart disease and
cardiovascular mortality. Clinical trials also suggest that omega-3
supplementation can lower triglyceride levels, reduce platelet aggregation, and
improve vascular elasticity. In addition, omega-3 fatty acids modulate gene
expression and influence cell membrane fluidity, contributing to improved
cardiac function. Despite some variations in clinical outcomes, the overall
evidence supports the beneficial role of omega-3 fatty acids in reducing
cardiovascular risk. This review summarizes the mechanisms underlying the
cardioprotective effects of omega-3 fatty acids and highlights their clinical
benefits in preventing and managing cardiovascular diseases.
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Pages:11-13
How to cite this article:
Paramita Dhara, Syeda Raiyya, Ankita Pathak, Ankita Sengupta, Pallabi Chatterjee, Enakshi Raychowdhury, Anmayee Nanda "Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Health: Mechanisms and Clinical Benefits". International Journal of Medical Science and Research, Vol 8, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 11-13
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