Background: Calcium and vitamin D are key nutrients for maintaining bone health and metabolic stability, particularly in groups prone to bone fragility such as postmenopausal women and people with diabetes. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness, safety, and adherence to calcium and vitamin D supplementation postmenopausal women and diabetic patients.

Methods: This questionnaire-based study collected responses from healthcare practitioners (HCPs) in India regarding their last 10 patients who received calcium and vitamin D supplementation. The survey assessed presenting symptoms, time to improvement, clinical effectiveness, safety, side effects, discontinuation, adherence, need for additional therapies, drug interactions, prescribing practices, patient concerns, and monitoring patterns.

Results: A total of 128 HCPs were included in this study. About 35.94% of HCPs reported symptomatic improvement within 2–4 weeks after starting calcium and vitamin D supplementation, and 45.31% rated the efficacy in preventing osteoporosis-related complications as “good” (51–75% risk reduction). Most HCPs (43.75%) reported a moderate improvement in glycemic control with calcium and vitamin D supplementation. Around 35.94% of HCPs reported that calcium and vitamin D supplementation was more effective than other bone health interventions. In the last 10 patient experiences, 49.22% of HCPs reported good adherence (76–90% of doses taken) to calcium and vitamin D supplementation. Around 45.31% of HCPs agreed that calcium and vitamin D supplementation should be considered a first-line therapy for osteoporosis prevention in postmenopausal women and diabetic patients.