There is mounting evidence that the development of both intestinal and extra-intestinal illnesses is influenced by gut microbiota dysbiosis. Coeliac disease, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and inflammatory bowel disease are intestinal illnesses. Other problems include obesity, asthma, allergies, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome. The microbiota serves as a defence against infections, drives vital metabolic processes, and controls inflammation by igniting the immune system. Dysbiosis, a microbial imbalance in the gut, has been linked to serious human illnesses such inflammatory disorders. The current review outlines what is known about the gut microbiota in a healthy setting and looks at intestinal dysbiosis in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, the condition that has been most commonly linked to altered gut microbiota composition.